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The Rise of the Micro-Multinational: How Freelancers and Technology-Savvy Start-Ups Are Driving Growth, Jobs and Innovation


27 December 2011

We've been discussing 'is employment dying?' based on predictions that by 2050 the word 'employment' and its processes will have disappeared.

The Lisbon Council has written a report demonstrating just how dramatically the world of work is transforming. It lines up with the foregoing predictions of the demise of employment.

We've extracted some quotations from the report that provide an overview of its message. The full report is here: The Rise of the Micro-Multinational: How Freelancers and Technology-Savvy Start-Ups Are Driving Growth, Jobs and Innovation.


The economic crisis. Where are the new jobs?

As crisis engulfs the world's leading economies, there is great concern about job creation and energizing growth rates.1 The sudden arrival of subdued, Japanese-style growth prospects for North America, Europe and the rest of the developed world---combined with years of sluggish employment figures---have given increasing urgency to the task of finding effective responses.

But so far, nothing seems to have worked. That is not surprising, as traditional levers of policy intervention tend to be designed around the interests of economic incumbents---existing market players---rather than the newcomers that are today's key engine of growth and jobs.

Consider this: All net job growth in the United States between 1980 and 2005 came from firms less than five years old.2 And, interestingly, in each year between 1997 and 2008, more than 2.5 million people simply created their own job by becoming entrepreneurs (and also created more than one million additional paid employment positions each year).3 In other words, 65% of all jobs created in the US in that time were jobs that entrepreneurs created for themselves, making freelancing an increasingly important source of employment and a significant, albeit often overlooked, cornerstone of modern economic activity.

In Europe, the numbers are similar. Some 32.6 million people are classified as self-employed, which accounts for more than 15% of total employment.

The vast majority of Europe's self-employed, some 23 million, are freelancers, meaning they work for or in one-person companies. And while the crisis has had a negative impact on the overall employment situation in Europe, a European Commission study recently found that self-employed entrepreneurs were much more resilient to the economic downturn than dependent workers and employees.

The new type of company: No bureaucracy

At the forefront of this seismic shift in the way jobs are created and economic value added is a new type of company, the micro-multinational. Traditionally, these small, self-starting, service-driven companies would have been described as small-and medium-sized enterprises, or SMEs, but thanks to the Internet, the emergence of new business platforms and the increased openness of the global economy, these companies can enter markets with a minimum of bureaucracy and overhead.

Add to that their unparalleled ability to respond promptly to changing market developments, a collaborative DNA that often translates into superior innovation performance and the lack of the institutional inertia and legacy relationships plaguing larger organizations, and one begins to see the transformative and paradigm-changing potential.

The revolution: Micro-multinationals

The difference over time is a revolution in the way economic value is created, with smaller companies now able through technology to gain the scale that only larger ones could previously aspire to.

Entrepreneurship. The only game in town

Over the long-term, however, prevailing labor market trends suggest that fostering entrepreneurialism is really the only job creation game in town.

The pleasures of the traditional working role were the certainty of a parent-child relationship. You could leave it in the hands of the corporation to make the big decisions about your working life ... Now ... "the world is moving towards an adult relationship, where each of us is required to take a more thoughtful, determined and energetic approach to exercising the choices available to us."

Micro-multinationals drivers of large enterprises

Far from being the weak link in the New Work Order described above, micro-multinationals will not only be important innovators in their own right (especially given that their innovations are typically disruptive); they will also play an essential role in the innovation ecosystems of large enterprises.

In today's economy, small is an asset, and being large often a liability. That is why more and more macro-multinationals are choosing to set up new ventures that are supposed to be quick, innovative and agile outside of the mother company, thereby not subjecting them to unnecessary bureaucracy and giving them more freedom to experiment and take risks.

Micro-multinationals pose a formidable intellectual and policy challenge for domestic innovation systems. Not only do they undermine the validity of domestic showcase innovation initiatives, such as clusters, but they also hold the potential to be politically sensitive.

A government policy framework

For sure, the New Work Order described earlier in this policy brief has arrived without much prompting from policymakers, and has largely been driven by advances in technology, entrepreneurial ingenuity and changing work-life preferences.

The ensuing rise of micro-multinationals has already seen positive spillover effects on the larger economy but their potential is far from exhausted. Indeed, faced with horrid unemployment rates and low growth, changing policy levers to empower these dynamic players would go a long way to driving growth, jobs and innovation.

What governments should do

  • Encourage new company start-ups,
  • Accelerate movement towards a fully functioning digital economy and modern intellectual property regimes. … (creating) an integrated digital economy needs to be accompanied by a review of the intellectual property regime (IPR). As is, IPR is now often the legal shield behind which current rights holders –hide to prevent others from developing new products and services
  • Recognize the importance of internationalization and immigration.
  • Encourage companies to become intensive users of technology.
  • Develop and encourage the range and quality of services on offer to local businesses and individuals.
  • Create the right incentive structures for freelancers and the self-employed. For example, unemployment benefits and health insurance coverage should neither be tied to an employer nor should they be denied to freelancers or the self-employed (US and EU)
  • Prioritize education and skills development to ensure a large proportion of the unemployed population has a pathway to succeed in the new economy.
  • Develop data and statistics that are commensurate with a new economic age.

Finally

    "We're dealing with an outdated employment system---it was built for a workforce from the 1930s, and it no longer works for us today," says Sara Horowitz, founder of the Freelancers Union, a non-profit organization that represents America's independent workforce. Ms. Horowitz is right.
The Freelancers Union founded by Ms. Horowitz already offers a system of protections and supports ranging from health, dental and disability insurance to 401K retirement plans to its network of 150,000 independent members.

The Freelancers Union is not alone. In Britain, the Professional Contractors Group does something similar. oDesk has also negotiated benefits packages for contractors using its site. Cooperative health and benefit plans provided by organized networks of freelancers are a step in the right direction, if not an ultimate solution.



About The Lisbon Council

(From its website: http://www.lisboncouncil.net/about-us/vision.html)

A Think Tank for the 21st Century

Society is facing unprecedented challenges. Large parts of Europe, North America and Asia are struggling to exit the worst economic crisis in 60 years, to cope with unprecedented levels of debt, to curb the excess of climate change and to prepare for a demographic time bomb that will change the shape and balance of the world as we know it. At the same time, developing economies around the globe, particularly the BRIC countries, are charging ahead with high growth rates and dramatically improved innovation capabilities, rapidly catching up with their G-7 counterparts.

While the verdict is out as to what this new, re-jigged world will ultimately look like, one thing is for certain: modern life---and the arrival of a globally integrated, technology-powered network economy---offers unprecedented opportunity for individuals, organisations, regions and countries to drive forward innovation and positive change.

Against this backdrop, The Lisbon Council for Economic Competitiveness and Social Renewal is committed to defining and articulating mature, holistic and evidence-based strategies for managing current and future challenges. Above all, we seek strategies based on inclusion, opportunity and sustainability that will make the benefits of modernisation and technological advancement available to all our citizens.

We stand for innovation---the willingness to embrace the future as a challenge we can meet, and the determination to start that effort today. We want our unique platform to serve as an incubator for novel ideas that offer new approaches to key challenges.

At the centre of our activities are solution-oriented seminars, thought-provoking publications, media appearances and public advocacy. These days, there are more than 5,000 people in our global network of top innovators and entrepreneurs, leading-edge thinkers and researchers, public figures and civil servants, business strategists and corporate leaders, third-sector pioneers and philanthropists---all of them lending their energy, brain power and dedication to use innovation as a force for good and apply it to solve the great economic and social challenges of our times. Founded in 2003, the Lisbon Council is incorporated in Belgium as an independent, non-profit and non-partisan association.



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Submitted Comments

On 3 January, Nicholas commented:

Wow!!! Both you and the article writers have the facts staring you in the face but choose to ignore the facts and beat up the wonders of organisations that are able to undercut local companies by outsourcing to the lowest bidder.

Why ramble on about the wonders of being self employed when the facts are staring you in the face??? The facts are that it is a health and financial hazard being self employed, and I did not even have to search for other articles to prove my point. It is there in the article itself; three times as many self employed people are poor when compared to "employees"!!! ... and what comment do you and the article writers have to say about that? Nada!!! Why not???????

Do you really believe that we would all be better off if everyone suddenly became independent "entrepreneurs", freely taking control of their working lives but at the same time became classified as poor?? You must be crazy to think that. To use the argument that it is just a matter of changing government policy and everything else will be hunky dory is insane, no government policy will provide social support or worker rights to workers, they never have, worker rights and standards of living have been hard fought for over generations. What we are witnessing with "globalisation" is a whittling away at these rights and equalities. The mega rich, politicians and policy gurus are getting ever more wealthy whilst the little bloke is getting screwed ever more harder. The individualisation of the workforce is simply another tool being implemented by further disempowered the individual and screw the last drop of sweat and blood our of him before he is thrown to a pauper's grave.

Might I suggest that you pull your head out of the sand, look at a few more stats like those below (especially from India) and then try to stop believing your own cods wallop. Being self employed is no answer to the battler's problems, in fact it is three times more likely to lead to poverty and ill health, whilst at the same time making the CEO's of the multinational's even more wealthy than ever. I cannot help but wonder whether it is those same mega wealthy CEO's that are paying organisations like your to beat your freedom drum??

From the article:
    "Few people are more likely to fall through the cracks of the existing social protection systems than the self-employed and freelancers. On both sides of the Atlantic, people in these employment segments have a higher risk of poverty and are more likely to lack basic social protection, such as maternity leave, despite the fact that they put in significantly more working time than others. In addition, self-employed and freelancers are imminently more exposed to economic upheavals, meaning that they are often the first to feel firsthand the effects of a downturn. What does this mean concretely? In Europe, for example, 18% of self-employed people are classified as poor versus 6% of employees, even though the self-employed tend to work on average almost 44.4 hours a week (and 49.7 hours for employers), compared to 36.8 hours a week for employees. In the United States, on the other hand, in this latest recession 81% of freelancers were at some point either unemployed or underemployed (without qualifying for unemployment benefits), 40% did not get paid by deadbeat clients and 39% cut back or eliminated their health coverage."

To which Ken Phillips replied:

Nicholas,

Thanks for the comment. We'll post it.

I know where you're coming from but we'll have to agree to disagree. The ultimate liberation of the worker is in self-employment, but fair contracts must prevail. Even Cuba is going down this path.